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Overview
CONCEPT
A Mutual Fund is a trust that pools the savings of a number of investors who share a common financial goal. The money thus collected is then invested in capital market instruments such as shares, debentures and other securities. The income earned through these investments and the capital appreciation realized are shared by its unit holders in proportion to the number of units owned by them. Thus a Mutual Fund is the most suitable investment for the common man as it offers an opportunity to invest in a diversified, professionally managed basket of securities at a relatively low cost. The flow chart below describes broadly the working of a mutual fund:
Mutual Fund Operation Flow Chart
ORGANIZATION OF A MUTUAL FUND
There are many entities involved and the diagram below illustrates the organisational set up of a mutual fund:
Organisation of a Mutual Fund
ADVANTAGES OF MUTUAL FUNDS
The advantages of investing in a Mutual Fund are:
- Professional Management
- Diversification
- Convenient Administration
- Return Potential
- Low Costs
- Liquidity
- Transparency
- Flexibility
- Choice of schemes
- Tax benefits
- Well regulated
TYPES OF MUTUAL FUND SCHEMES
Wide variety of Mutual Fund Schemes exist to cater to the needs such as financial position, risk tolerance and return expectations etc. The table below gives an overview into the existing types of schemes in the Industry.
BYSTRUCTURE
- Open - Ended Schemes
- Close - Ended Schemes
- Interval Schemes
BY INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE
- Growth Schemes
- Income Schemes
- Balanced Schemes
- Money Market Schemes
OTHER SCHEMES
- Tax Saving Schemes
- Special Schemes
Index Schemes
Sector Specific Schemes
FREQUENTLY USED TERMS
Net Asset Value (NAV)
Net Asset Value is the market value of the assets of the scheme minus its liabilities. The per unit NAV is the net asset value of the scheme divided by the number of units outstanding on the Valuation Date.
Sale Price
Is the price you pay when you invest in a scheme. Also called Offer Price. It may include a sales load.
Repurchase Price
Is the price at which a close-ended scheme repurchases its units and it may include a back-end load. This is also called Bid Price.
Redemption Price
Is the price at which open-ended schemes repurchase their units and close-ended schemes redeem their units on maturity. Such prices are NAV related.
Sales Load
Is a charge collected by a scheme when it sells the units. Also called, ‘Front-end’ load. Schemes that do not charge a load are called ‘No Load’ schemes.
Repurchase or ‘Back-end’Load
Is a charge collected by a scheme when it buys back the units from the unitholders.